Nws yog xim hlau Silicon (Si) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv rau cov khoom siv txhuas txhuas, txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuab, ua kom muaj zog, thiab ua tau zoo. Hauv qab no yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cov ntawv thov:
1. Alloying keeb hauv aluminium-silicon (al-si) alloys
Lub Luag Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm:
Silicon txo lub suab melting ntawm txhuas thiab txhim khodej txhawvThaum lub sij hawm ua, enable cov duab nyuaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv aEutectic qauv(Al-Si Eutecc) ntawm ~ 12.6% SI), ntsuas lub zog thiab ductility.
Hom Aluminium Series:
A3xx (piv txwv li, A356, A380):Siv dav hauv qhov chaw hauv tsheb (cov log cav, log) nrog 5-12% SI.
4xxx (piv txwv li, 4043, 4047):High-silicon alloys (5-12% SI) rau vuam hlau thiab cov nplooj ntawv brazing.
2. Txhim Kho Kev Castability
Kua dej txog:
Silicon Lowers lub viscosity ntawm Molten aluminia, sau intricate pwm zoo.
Kub tearping Kuj:
Txo cov thermal shrinkage nrib pleb thaum lub sij hawm salmification thaum, tseem ceeb rau kev tuag siab tuag casting (HPDC).
3. Cov Khoom Siv Neeg Kho Tshuab
Lub zog thiab Hardness:
Silicon Cov Ntawv Nyuaj SiabThawj cov lus siliab in hypereutectic alloys (Si >12%), txhim kho cov hnav tsis kam (piv txwv li, pistons, hnab nyiaj txiag kheej).
Ductility Haum:
Tswj cov ntsiab lus silicon (7-12%) cov neeg sib npaug muaj zog thiab elongation rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.
4. Thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity
Thaum tshav kub dissipation:
Al-Si alloys (piv txwv li, A390 nrog 17% SI) yog siv nyob rau hauv lub dab dej kub thiab tshuab hluav taws xob.
Daim Ntawv Thov Hluav Taws Xob:
Low-silicon alloys (piv txwv li, 1xxx series) khaws cov txhuas lub siab ua rau cov kab sib kis tau zoo rau cov kab sib kis fais fab txoj kab.
5. Corrosion Kuj
Oxidation tsis kam:
Silicon ua cov khoom silicon ib txheej tiv thaiv sio₂, txhim kho rau oxidation thiab acidic ib puag ncig.
Tubrog Nkoj Thiab Automotive Siv:
Alloys zoo li A413 (11-13% SI) siv rau hauv cov khoom siv marine thiab cov cav uas raug rau cov kua ntshav.
6. Kev nthuav dav hauv kev lag luam automotive
Cov Cheebtsam Lub Cav Txheej Txheem:
Hypeutectic al-Si alloys (piv txwv li, A390) txo qis lub cav hnyav thaum muaj qhov kub siab.
Lub cev Panels:
Low-silicon alloys (piv txwv li, 6xxx series) ua ke lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm rau kev caij tsheb thav duab.
7. High-silicon tshwj xeeb alloys
Silicon-Aluminium (Si-Al) Composites:
Alloys nrog 15-30% SI (piv txwv li, alsi30) rau kev tswj hluav taws xob thiab thermal tswj.
Ntxiv kev tsim khoom:
Hmoov Al-Siloys (piv txwv li, Alsi10MG) yog siv hauv 3D luam rau Aerospace thiab cov khoom siv kho mob.
8. Yuav Tsum Ncaj Ncees
Metallurgical-Qib Silicon (MG-Si):
98-99% Purity (Fe<0.5%, Al <0.5%) suffices for most casting alloys.
High-purity silicon:
99.5% Purity rau aerospace lossis hluav taws xob-alloys kom txo qis impurity-drivity-drived
Tseem ceeb muaj cov piv txwv
| Daim ntawv thov | Hlau | Cov ntsiab lus ntawm SII | Cov txiaj ntsig |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lub Cav Thaiv | A356 | 6.5–7.5% | Kev yuag, siab zog-rau-hnyav |
| Pistons | A390 | 16–18% | Hnav Kuj, Thermal Stability |
| Brazing Sheet | 4043 | 4.5–6.0% | Tsawg melting point, corrosion-resistant |
| Cua Sov Dej Sov | A383 | 9.5–11.5% | Kev siv ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg |
Txheej Txheem Ntau Lawm
Kev npaj Alloy:
Silicon tau ntxiv rau molten aluminium nyob rau hauv induction lossis reverberatoric robraces.
Lis Kev Txhim Kho:
Ua ke nrog strontium (sr) lossis sodium (na) los hloov kho silicon morphology (piv txwv li, spheroidization).
Casting / Txoj Kev Ua:
Tuag casting, xuab zeb casting, los yog extrusion raws li qhov kawg cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua.
Cov nyom:
Silicon SeGregation:Tsis ncaj rau faib cov kev faib tawm hypeutectic alloys yuav tsum tau tswj cov nqi txias.
Machinability: High-silicon alloys (>12% SI) yog cov muaj abrasive, xav tau pob zeb diamond-tipped cuab yeej.
Nrhav:
Nano-silicon additives:Txhim kho cov khoom siv txhua yam tsis muaj kev sib cuam luag.
Rov qab ua silicon:Kev siv cov silicon theem nrab los ntawm solar vaj huam sib luag pov tseg kom txo cov nqi thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
