Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau, txhuas thiab calcium hauv silicon hlau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau qib xws li 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 thiab lwm yam. Industrially, 98 silicon hlau hmoov feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev txo cov silicon dioxide los ntawm cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub cub hluav taws xob. Kev sib npaug tshuaj lom neeg: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO Lub purity ntawm silicon yog li tsim yog 97 ~ 98%, hu ua silicon hlau. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav yaj thiab recrystallised, nrog kua qaub kom tshem tawm impurities, kom tau lub purity ntawm 99.7 ~ 99.8% ntawm silicon hlau.
98 Silicon hlau hmoov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog silicon, yog li nws muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws nrog silicon. Silicon muaj ob hom isotopes: amorphous silicon thiab crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon yog cov hmoov grey-dub, uas yog ib hom microcrystal. Crystalline silicon nrog pob zeb diamond siv lead ua qauv thiab semiconductor zog, melting point 1410 degree, boiling point 2355 degree, ceev 2.32 ~ 2.34 g / cm 3, Mohs hardness 7, brittle.
Amorphous silicon yog tshuaj lom neeg, nyob rau hauv oxygen tuaj yeem hlawv hnyav. Nws reacts nrog halogens, nitrogen, carbon thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-hlau nyob rau hauv high kub, thiab kuj muaj peev xwm ua nrog magnesium, calcium, hlau thiab lwm yam hlau los tsim silicides. Amorphous silicon yuav luag insoluble nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov inorganic thiab organic acids, nrog rau hydrofluoric acid, tab sis yuav yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov ntawm nitric thiab hydrofluoric acids. Concentrated sodium hydroxide kua tuaj yeem yaj amorphous silicon, tso cov pa roj hydrogen. Crystalline silicon yog qhov tsis muaj zog, txawm tias qhov kub siab tsis ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen, nws kuj yog insoluble nyob rau hauv txhua yam inorganic thiab organic acids, tab sis tuaj yeem yaj nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm nitric thiab hydrofluoric acids thiab concentrated sodium hydroxide tov.
