Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm nws yog xim hlau silicon (silicon hlau):
Reactivity OVVIEAR:
Muaj tseeb xwb tsis raug nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub vim yog ib qho nyias xim oxide txheej (soio₂).
Reacts siv zog rau nce kub lossis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Cov kev tawm tsam nrog oxygen:
High-Temperature Oxidation (>900 degree):
Si + O2 → Sio2Si + O2 → Sio2
Cov ntaub ntawv silicon dioxide (silica), ib txheej tiv thaiv uas slows ntxiv oxidation.
Combenionption hauv cov pa ntshiab:Ua kom sov thiab lub teeb ci ntsa iab.
Kev tawm tsam nrog Halogens:
Chlorine (CL₂):
Si {+2 cl2 → sicl4si {3}} cl2 → sicl4
Silicon Tetrachloride (yog cov kua volatile) cov foos ntawm ~ 300 degree.
Fluorine (F₂):Reacts ua tau zoo heev ntawm chav tsev kub:
Si {+2 f2 → sif4si {3}} f2 → sif4
Acid Refunse:
Inert rau feem ntau acids:Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog HCL, Horsso₄, lossis HNO₃ ntawm chav tsev kub.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF):
Si +6 hf 6+2 h2} hf {4 {h2 sif6 {} h2} h2} h2}
Dissolves silicon, ua hexafluorosilicicic acid thiab hydrogen roj.
Alkali tshua muaj:
Muaj zog hauv paus (piv txwv li, Naoh):
Si {+2 naoh + h2o → na2sio {} → nao} → na2 sio3 sio3 sio3}} h2}
Tsim cov sodium silicate (dej iav) thiab hydrogen roj.
Cov kev tawm tsam nrog hlau:
Alloy Tsim:Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov hlau molten (piv txwv li, hlau, hlau) los ua cov txhab (piv txwv li, fesi, alsi).
Txo tus neeg saib xyuas:Siv los txo cov hlau oxides nyob rau hauv metallurgy (piv txwv li, magnesium ntau lawm).
Kev tiv thaiv kub:
Nrog carbon:
Si+C→>1700°CSiCSi+C>1700 degree sic
Cov ntawv silicon carbide (ib tug ceramic nrog kev tawv ntoo heev).
Nrog nitrogen:
3Si+2N2→>1300°CSi3N43Si+2N2>1300 Qib Si3 N4
Cov ntaub ntawv silicon nitride (siv nyob rau hauv high-zog ceramics).
Hydride tsim:
Reacts nrog hydrogen ntawm high kub los ua cov kab ntsiag to (piv txwv li, sihi, monosilane):
Si {+2 h2} h2} → Si4si {3}} h2 → Sih4
Silanes yog pyrophoric (ignite spontaneously nyob rau hauv huab cua).
Electrochemical tus cwj pwm:
Ua ua raws li semiconductor hauv cov tshuab electrochemical.
Anodization cov khoom ntxeem silicon (siv nyob rau hauv sensors thiab optoelectronic).
Purity-basent reactivity:
Metallurgical-Qib Silicon (~ 98% Purity):Muaj impurities (FE, AL, CA) uas hnoos yeem.
Electronic-Grade Silicon (>99.99% Purity):Ntau dua cov tshuaj ruaj khov vim muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg.
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg:
Kev lag luam semiconductor:Sila-ntshiab silicon txoj kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo ua rau doping (piv txwv li, nrog boron lossis phosphorus).
Silicone Ntau Lawm:Reacts nrog methyl chloride los ua chlorosilanes, cov ua ntej rau silicones.
Hnub ci hlwb:Deg passivation (sioect txheej) txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.
Alloys:Txhim kho lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv txhuas thiab steel.
