(1) Cr Chromium tuaj yeem ua kom cov tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau thiab muaj cov nyhuv hardening thib ob. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm carbon steel yam tsis ua rau cov hlau nkig. Thaum cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj 12%, cov hlau muaj qhov kub thiab txias oxidation tsis kam thiab oxidation corrosion kuj, thiab kuj ua rau cov thermal zog ntawm cov hlau. Chromium yog lub ntsiab alloying ntawm stainless hlau, acid-resistant steel thiab kub-resistant steel.
Chromium tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab hardness ntawm carbon steel hauv nws lub xeev dov, thiab txo qhov elongation thiab cheeb tsam shrinkage. Thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium tshaj 15%, lub zog thiab hardness yuav txo, thiab elongation thiab cheeb tsam yuav txo tau raws li. Cov khoom uas muaj chromium hlau tuaj yeem yooj yim tau txais kev ua haujlwm zoo dua tom qab sib tsoo.
Lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm chromium nyob rau hauv lub quenched thiab tempered qauv yog los txhim kho lub hardenability, thiaj li hais tias cov hlau muaj zoo tag nrho cov neeg kho tshuab zog tom qab quenching thiab tempering. Chromium-muaj carbides kuj tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv carburizing steel, yog li txhim kho qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom. Abrasive. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau uas muaj chromium tsis yooj yim rau decarburize thaum kho cua sov. Chromium tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam, hardness thiab liab hardness ntawm cov cuab yeej hlau, thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo. Hauv electrothermal alloys, chromium tuaj yeem txhim kho cov hlau oxidation tsis kam, tsis kam thiab lub zog.
(2) Ni Nickel ntxiv dag zog rau ferrite thiab refines pearlite hauv hlau. Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig yog ua kom muaj zog thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau plasticity. Feem ntau hais lus, rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau quenching thiab tempering thiab siv rau hauv dov, normalizing lossis annealing xeev, qee cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj qhov txo nws qhov hnyav. Raws li kev txheeb cais, txhua 1% nce hauv npib tsib xee tuaj yeem nce lub zog los ntawm kwv yees li 29.4Pa. Raws li cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee nce, cov qib tawm ntawm cov hlau nce nrawm dua li lub zog tensile, yog li qhov piv ntawm cov hlau uas muaj nickel tuaj yeem siab dua li cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam. Thaum npib tsib xee txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, nws muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg rau lub toughness, plasticity thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau dua li lwm cov hlau alloying. Rau nruab nrab carbon steel, vim npib tsib xee txo cov pearlite transformation kub thiab ua rau pearlite thinner; thiab vim tias npib tsib xee txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus eutectoid, piv nrog carbon steel nrog tib cov ntsiab lus carbon, cov pearlite ntau dua. Lub zog ntawm npib tsib xee-muaj pearlitic ferrite hlau yog siab dua li ntawm cov hlau uas muaj tib cov ntsiab lus carbon.
Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias lub zog ntawm cov hlau khaws cia zoo ib yam, cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau uas muaj cov nickel tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsim nyog, yog li txhim kho lub toughness thiab plasticity ntawm cov hlau. Nickel tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau kom qaug zog thiab txo qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov hlau mus rau qhov chaw. Nickel txo qis qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj kub. Cov hlau uas muaj 3.5% npib tsib xee tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm -100 degree, thaum hlau muaj 9% npib tsib xee tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm -196 degree . Nickel tsis ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog rau kev nkag mus thiab yog li feem ntau tsis siv los ua lub zog ntxiv rau cov hlau uas muaj zog cua sov.
Lub linear expansion coefficient ntawm hlau-nickel alloys nrog siab nickel cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv loj nrog nce lossis txo cov ntsiab lus nickel. Siv cov yam ntxwv no, precision alloys thiab bimetallic cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj siab los yog tej yam linear expansion coefficient yuav tsim thiab tsim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, npib tsib xee ntxiv rau cov hlau tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv taus acid, tab sis kuj tiv taus alkali, thiab muaj corrosion kuj rau cua thiab ntsev. Nickel yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau tsis muaj acid-resistant.
